Changing the PV loop (K-A)

• What is preload? (video) (K-A)
• What is afterload? (K-A)
• Increasing the heart's force of contraction (K-A)
• What is contractility? (K-A)
• Getting Ea (arterial elastance) from the PV loop (K-A)
• Arterial elastance (Ea) and preload (K-A)
• Stroke work in PV loops and boxes (K-A)
• Contractility, Ea, and preload effects on PV boxes (K-A)